Study of Teachers’ Psychological Characteristics and Development of an Optimal Normative Model

The personality characteristics of an effective teacher include responsibility toward students, patience, integrity, strong communication and interaction skills, positive thinking, self-esteem, and the ability to effectively manage and lead the classroom. Teachers’ psychological characteristics have a direct impact on improving their professional competence and the quality of education. The aim of this study was to examine the psychological characteristics of teachers and to develop an optimal normative model for assessing these characteristics. This research employed a descriptive–survey design. Based on a review of the literature, the dimensions of teachers’ psychological characteristics were identified. The statistical population consisted of 350 teachers from primary, middle, and secondary schools who were selected through multi‑stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using a researcher‑made questionnaire with 69 items whose validity and reliability were confirmed prior to use. The findings indicated that the five‑factor model of teachers’ psychological characteristics—including cognitive, emotional, personality, social, and professional dimensions—demonstrated an acceptable model fit. The proposed normative model can serve as a framework for teacher selection, evaluation, and professional development. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for all dimensions were above 0.84, indicating satisfactory reliability of the instrument.